Five weak links India Semiconductor Mission 2.0 must fix

India’s Semiconductor Mission 2.0 risks becoming a subsidy-driven island unless it resolves five critical gaps. Technically, the absence of a mature EDA/IP ecosystem and advanced packaging capability prevents its fabs from integrating into the global design-manufacturing loop. Compliance-wise, U.S. export controls on equipment and rigid local land/environmental regulations inflate hidden capex. Competitively, TSMC and Samsung are already locking in Southeast Asia for mature nodes—India lacks both cost efficiency and engineering density to lure real capacity shifts. Over the next 18 months, without building domestic supply chains for gases, precursors, and chemicals—and bridging academia-industry talent pipelines—its ‘ecosystem’ will remain non-viable, ultimately excluded from the emerging regionalized semiconductor order.